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An electromagnet is a type of magnet where the magnetic field is produced by the flow of electric current. Unlike permanent magnets, which retain their magnetic properties constantly, electromagnets only become magnetized when current is applied. The basic construction of an electromagnet involves a wire, usually copper, coiled around a core made of soft iron or other ferromagnetic materials. When an electric current passes through the coil, it generates a magnetic field around the wire, and the core intensifies this magnetic field.

The materials required to make the electro-magnet were- a nail, insulated copper wire and a 9 volt cell (9 volt was used but it is not specific). To create an electro-magnet, a cell was taken. Some insulated wire was taken and was twisted around the nail in a single direction. Then, the insulated wire was put together with the cell.

The strength of an electromagnet can be controlled by adjusting different factors. One key factor is the number of turns or coils of the wire. The more turns there are, the stronger the magnetic field produced, as each loop contributes to the total magnetism. Another crucial factor is the amount of electric current flowing through the wire, higher current results in a stronger magnetic field. The material of the core also significantly impacts the strength of the magnet; soft iron, for example, enhances the magnetic effect by concentrating the magnetic lines of force. Once the current stops, the electromagnet loses its magnetism, making it controllable and adaptable for various uses.