Grapes

Dakshayany Sen

Grapes are my favourite fruit. The colour of grapes is green, but some are red in colour. They are sweet and tasty. They are also healthy. During the grape season, I eat a lot of grapes. My mother brings them home. Some grapes have seeds inside. Grapes are small, juicy, and tasty. My family and I like to eat grapes. We can also make grape juice.

My Birthday Month

Samriddhi Joshi

My favourite month is January. This month is special to me because my birthday falls in January. Many people also celebrate the English New Year in January. The weather is very cold in January, so people wear warm clothes. In my school, we have our winter vacation during this month. The weather is also perfect for outdoor games. The sun is not too bright, and we feel refreshed after playing.My favourite activity is skipping because it keeps my body fit and warm. I also like to spend time with my family and friends. I enjoy eating hot rice with curry in cold weather.I feel very excited during this month because I celebrate my birthday. January is a special month for me because I enjoy my birthday, winter vacation, outdoor games, and time with my loved ones.

My first live game in a cricket stadium

Pranish Pandey

My first live game in cricket was on 22 April 2025 in Ekana Stadium, Lucknow.The game was between Lucknow (LSG) and Delhi(DC). I had travelled to Lucknowwith my parents and cousins. I flew from Kathmandu to Nepalgunj with myparents. At Nepalgunj. I met my cousins and uncles then we went to Rupaidiya.From Rupaidiya we booked a cab and went to Ayodhya.We reached Ayodhya in the evening. We checked in at a hotel, kept our luggageand became fresh. In the evening we visited the ghats, attended the aarti andcame back. Next morning we visited the famous Ram Janaki Mandir, had ourbreakfast and moved towards Lucknow. We reached Lucknow around 3 PM. Wentto the hotel. The match was scheduled for the next day on 22 April 2025,7:45PM. I was very excited to see the match.The first day we went to Lulu mall. Itwas very big with many stores, foodcourt and children game zone too. We had agreat time there. I enjoyed it a lot, we went shopping and played many games. ThenWe had our dinner and returned to the hotel. The next day we went to the zooand visited many places. At 5 PM we went to Ekana Stadium. The streets wereclosed. We had to walk for half an hour. On the side of the road people wereselling T- shirts, flags, scarves and food. There were a lot of people walking to thestadium. My father bought us t-shirts and we also did face painting. We enteredthe stadium, there were a lot of people cheering for their favourite teams. Delhiwon the toss and chose to bowl first. In between the overs there were DJsupporting their teams. After any boundary the cheerleaders also danced. Delhibatted second and won the game so we all were sad so we left the Stadium. Butstill it was a very good experiencing moment for me, my parents, my cousins andmy uncles.

Positive Impacts of Video Games

Shashwot Paudyal

Video games are one of the most popular forms of entertainment among children and teenagers today. Many people think that video games are only for fun, but video games can have positive impacts when played in a balanced and responsible way.First, video games help in thinking and problem -solving skills. Many games require strategies, quick thinking, solving puzzles etc. this helps in concentration, memory and creativity. Educational games can also help in subjects like Social, Science, Mathematics, etc.Second, video games can improve teamwork and communication skills. Multiplayer games allow people to communicate and do tasks together, and achieve goals. This teaches cooperation, leadership, and the importance of supporting teammates. Some games even help make friends from all over the world.Another positive impact of video games is stress relief and refreshing the mind. For example: playing games after doing your assignments which makes your mind fresh. Some games also help in hand eye coordination and reaction time on the screen and from your hand.Video games can also inspire new technology and different topics like coding, animation, etc. But playing too much video games can affect your health, studies and relationship with family. You should play video games in a balanced way. Therefore, video games are not just an entertainment source but also a learning tool for students.

पुस्तक समीक्षा : ‘मसान’

Barun Kadariya

पुस्तक समीक्षा : ‘मसान’कृतिको नाम : मसानविधा : सामाजिक तथा मनोवैज्ञानिक नाटकनाटककार : गोपालप्रसाद रिमालप्रकाशन : वि.सं. २००२ तिर प्रकाशितमुख्य पात्रहरू : कृष्ण, हेलेन/युवती, दुलही, वाग्मती, भोटु, सासु, ससुरा आदि‘मसान’ : पुरुषप्रधान समाजविरुद्ध नारी आवाज विषय प्रवेशगोपालप्रसाद रिमाल नेपाली साहित्यका प्रसिद्ध कवि तथा नाटककार हुन्। नेपाली नाटकलाई आधुनिक र यथार्थपरक धारतर्फ लैजान उनको महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान रहेको मानिन्छ । उनको चर्चित नाटक ‘मसान’ सामाजिक तथा मनोवैज्ञानिक विषयमा आधारित कृति हो । यस नाटकले तत्कालीन नेपाली समाजमा रहेको पुरुषप्रधान सोच, बहुविवाह, सन्तानप्रतिको मोह, नारीमाथिको अन्याय, वैवाहिक जीवनमा हुने असमानता तथा महिलाको स्वतन्त्रताको प्रश्नलाई प्रभावकारी रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरेको छ । ‘मसान’ वि.सं. २००२ सालतिर प्रकाशित भएको र पछि नेपाली रङ्गमञ्चमा महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थान बनाएको कृति हो ।विषयवस्तु‘मसान’ नाटकको मुख्य विषय एउटा परिवारभित्र उत्पन्न हुने वैवाहिक समस्या र त्यसबाट जन्मिएको मानसिक तथा सामाजिक द्वन्द्व हो । नाटकका प्रमुख पात्र कृष्ण र उनकी श्रीमती युवती (हेलेन)को सम्बन्धबाट कथाको मुख्य द्वन्द्व अगाडि बढ्छ। कृष्ण शिक्षित र आधुनिक देखिए पनि उसको व्यवहारमा तत्कालीन पुरुषप्रधान समाजको सोच देखिन्छ। ऊ आफ्नी पत्नीलाई समान अधिकार भएको व्यक्तिका रूपमा भन्दा आफ्नो इच्छाअनुसार चल्नुपर्ने व्यक्तिका रूपमा हेर्छ । यही सोचका कारण उनीहरूको वैवाहिक सम्बन्धमा समस्या उत्पन्न हुँदै जान्छ।कृष्णले सन्तान प्राप्तिको विषयलाई आफ्नो वैवाहिक जीवनसँग जोडेर हेर्छ। विशेष गरी छोराको चाहना र सामाजिक दबाबका कारण उसको सोच अझ जटिल बन्छ। यस क्रममा हेलेनले आफूलाई केवल पत्नीका रूपमा नभई स्वतन्त्र अस्तित्व भएको नारीका रूपमा स्थापित गर्न खोज्छे। कृष्णले उसको इच्छाविपरीत गरेको व्यवहारले हेलेनको मनमा गहिरो पीडा र विद्रोह पैदा हुन्छ। अन्ततः उसले आफूलाई अपमानित र बन्धनमा परेको महसुस गर्दै कृष्णको घर छोड्ने निर्णय गर्छे।कृष्णको जीवनमा अर्को विवाहको प्रसङ्ग पनि आउँछ। यसले नाटकमा बहुविवाह र पुरुषप्रधान सामाजिक संरचनाको समस्या अझ स्पष्ट बनाउँछ। दुलहीको उपस्थितिले पनि महिलाको जीवनमा रहेको असुरक्षा र सामाजिक दबाबलाई देखाउँछ। पारिवारिक सम्बन्धहरू बाहिरबाट सामान्य देखिए पनि भित्रभित्रै पात्रहरू मानसिक पीडा, असन्तुष्टि र द्वन्द्वबाट गुज्रिरहेका हुन्छन्।नाटकको वातावरण क्रमशः गम्भीर र दुःखान्त बन्दै जान्छ । परिवारभित्रको तनाव, पात्रहरूको मानसिक अवस्था र सम्बन्धको विघटनले ‘मसान’ नामलाई पनि अर्थपूर्ण बनाएको छ। यहाँ ‘मसान’ केवल मृत्युको स्थान मात्र नभई जीवन्त सम्बन्धहरू मरिरहेको, आशा हराउँदै गएको र घर नै पीडाको स्थान बनेको प्रतीकका रूपमा बुझ्न सकिन्छ। नारीको विद्रोह र घर छोड्ने निर्णय नाटकको सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण पक्षमध्ये एक हो।पात्रहरूको भूमिकानाटकको पात्र कृष्ण पुरुषप्रधान सामाजिक सोचको प्रतिनिधि पात्र हो । ऊ पूर्ण रूपमा नकारात्मक पात्र मात्र होइन; उसको सोच र व्यवहारमा तत्कालीन समाजको प्रभाव देखिन्छ। उसको चरित्रमार्फत लेखकले पुरुषको अहङ्कार, स्वार्थ र महिलाप्रतिको असमान दृष्टिकोणलाई उजागर गरेका छन्।हेलेन वा युवती नाटककी सबैभन्दा प्रभावशाली पात्र हुन्। उनी अन्याय सहेर चुप लागेर बस्ने नारीको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दिनन्। आफ्नो आत्मसम्मान र स्वतन्त्रताका लागि विद्रोह गर्ने उनको निर्णयले नाटकलाई विशेष शक्ति दिएको छ। उनको चरित्रमा नारी चेतना, आत्मसम्मान र स्वतन्त्रताको चाहना देखिन्छ । त्यसैले ‘मसान’लाई नारीवादी चेतना बोकेको महत्त्वपूर्ण नेपाली नाटकका रूपमा पनि अध्ययन गरिएको छ।दुलहीको चरित्रले पनि तत्कालीन वैवाहिक संरचनामा महिलाको अवस्थालाई देखाउँछ। अन्य सहायक पात्रहरूले परिवार र समाजको वातावरण निर्माण गर्न सहयोग गरेका छन्। पात्रहरूको संवाद र व्यवहारबाट उनीहरूको मानसिक अवस्था बुझ्न सकिन्छ।आलोचनात्मक विश्लेषणमेरो विचारमा ‘मसान’को सबैभन्दा ठुलो विशेषता यसको यथार्थपरकता हो। लेखकले कुनै काल्पनिक वा असम्भव घटना मात्र प्रस्तुत गरेका छैनन्, बरु तत्कालीन नेपाली समाजमा देखिने वास्तविक समस्यालाई पारिवारिक कथामार्फत प्रस्तुत गरेका छन्। नाटकमा सामाजिक समस्या र पात्रहरूको मनोवैज्ञानिक अवस्थालाई सँगसँगै प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ। त्यसैले यसलाई सामाजिक तथा मनोवैज्ञानिक नाटकका रूपमा लिन सकिन्छ।नाटकको भाषा सरल, स्वाभाविक र संवादप्रधान छ। पात्रहरूले बोल्ने संवादले उनीहरूको स्वभाव र मानसिक अवस्था बुझ्न सहयोग गर्छ। नाटक मञ्चनका दृष्टिले पनि प्रभावकारी देखिन्छ, किनकि पात्रहरूको हाउभाउ, संवाद र भावनात्मक द्वन्द्वलाई अभिनयमार्फत प्रभावशाली रूपमा प्रस्तुत गर्न सकिन्छ।यस नाटकको अर्को महत्त्वपूर्ण पक्ष नारीवादी चेतना हो। युवतीको विद्रोह केवल व्यक्तिगत रिस वा असन्तुष्टि होइन; त्यो महिलालाई पुरुषको अधीनमा राख्ने सोचविरुद्धको आवाज हो। लेखकले महिलालाई आफ्नो जीवनका महत्त्वपूर्ण निर्णय आफैँ गर्न सक्ने स्वतन्त्र व्यक्तिका रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरेका छन्। यही कारणले ‘मसान’लाई नेपाली नाटकको विकासमा महत्त्वपूर्ण कृति मानिन्छ। केही साहित्यिक अध्ययनले यसलाई नेपाली नाटकमा आधुनिकता र नारी चेतनाको महत्त्वपूर्ण उदाहरणका रूपमा समेत चर्चा गरेका छन्।यद्यपि, नाटकको वातावरण धेरै गम्भीर र निराशाजनक भएकाले कतिपय पाठकलाई कथा केही दुःखद लाग्न सक्छ। पात्रहरूको मानसिक द्वन्द्व पनि कहिलेकाहीँ निकै गहिरो देखिन्छ। तर यही गम्भीरताले नाटकलाई प्रभावकारी बनाएको छ। नाटकले पाठकलाई केवल मनोरञ्जन दिनुभन्दा समाजका गलत मूल्य र व्यवहारबारे सोच्न बाध्य बनाउँछ।पुस्तकप्रति मेरो दृष्टिकोणमलाई ‘मसान’ नाटक एउटा गम्भीर तर निकै प्रभावकारी कृति लाग्यो। सुरुमा हेर्दा यो एउटा परिवारको वैवाहिक समस्या जस्तो देखिए पनि गहिरिएर पढ्दा यसभित्र तत्कालीन नेपाली समाजको वास्तविक चित्र देखिन्छ। महिलालाई आफ्नो इच्छा र अधिकारबाट वञ्चित गर्ने सोच, पुरुषको अहङ्कार, विवाहमा समानताको अभाव र सामाजिक दबाबजस्ता विषय आज पनि सोच्नुपर्ने विषय हुन्।विशेष गरी युवतीको चरित्र मलाई प्रभावशाली लाग्यो। उनले अन्यायलाई सामान्य मानेर स्वीकार गर्नुको सट्टा आफ्नो आत्मसम्मानका लागि निर्णय लिनु नाटकको बलियो पक्ष हो। यसले मानिसलाई कुनै पनि सम्बन्धमा सम्मान र समानताको महत्त्व बुझाउँछ। साथै, कृष्णको चरित्रले समाजमा शिक्षित हुनु मात्र पर्याप्त हुँदैन, सोच र व्यवहारमा पनि परिवर्तन आवश्यक हुन्छ भन्ने कुरा देखाउँछ।निष्कर्ष तथा सिफारिससमग्रमा, गोपालप्रसाद रिमालको ‘मसान’ नेपाली साहित्यको महत्त्वपूर्ण सामाजिक तथा मनोवैज्ञानिक नाटक हो। यसले पारिवारिक सम्बन्धको माध्यमबाट तत्कालीन समाजका गम्भीर समस्या, पुरुषप्रधान सोच, नारीमाथिको अन्याय र महिलाको स्वतन्त्रताको आवाजलाई प्रस्तुत गरेको छ। सरल संवाद, प्रभावकारी पात्र, मनोवैज्ञानिक द्वन्द्व, यथार्थपरक परिवेश र नारी चेतना यसको मुख्य विशेषता हुन्। नेपाली नाटकलाई आधुनिक दिशातर्फ लैजान ‘मसान’को योगदान महत्त्वपूर्ण रहेको साहित्यिक अध्ययनहरूले पनि देखाएका छन्।त्यसैले नेपाली साहित्य पढ्ने विद्यार्थी तथा सामाजिक विषयमा रुचि राख्ने पाठकलाई म यो नाटक पढ्न सिफारिस गर्छु। विशेष गरी यस नाटकले आजको समाजमा पनि समानता, आत्मसम्मान, स्वतन्त्रता र पारिवारिक सम्बन्धमा आपसी सम्मान किन आवश्यक छ भन्ने कुरा बुझ्न सहयोग गर्छ। ‘मसान’ पुरानो समयको कथा भए पनि यसले उठाएका प्रश्नहरू आज पनि अर्थपूर्ण छन्। यही कारणले यो नाटक नेपाली साहित्यमा लामो समयसम्म सम्झिइरहने महत्त्वपूर्ण कृतिका रूपमा रहन्छ।

Duolingo’s “Ai first” Statement

Snigdha Chaudhary

Artificial intelligence is a popular tool used to help us perform tasks, faster in an easier way. It can do tasks in a fast and efficient way. Artificial intelligence can be used for Task automation, Process optimization, Predictive analytics, Decision making, Fraud detection, Medical diagnosis, Customer service, Natural language processing, Content personalization, Computer vision, Robotics, Smart homes, Traffic management, Social media, etc. Although it is useful, generative artificial intelligence has been making people less creative (in my opinion). Generative artificial intelligence lets people create images, music, art by analyzing patterns in existing data. It is very problematic as artificial intelligence steals the content that people make to create new ones. It learns from existing data, studying its structures, etc. It copies the work of other people to create new data, which may be very problematic. Duolingo is about to use this tool to replace their workers. They’ll be using it to make courses faster, in a more “efficient” way. The statement has been very controversial because languages were made by humans, not artificial intelligence. Languages are exchanged, shared by humans, not artificial intelligence. I believe that not any artificial intelligence tool can replace humans. If you haven’t heard of it yet, Duolingo is an app that teaches you different languages through courses and fun games. It has made other apps as well, such as: Duolingo math, Duolingo english test, Duolingo max, Duolingo for school, Duolingo for business, Gift super Duolingo, Super Duolingo, Podcast, Duolingo music, Duolingo chess etc. Duolingo is well known for the numerous notifications that they send to their users when they don’t do their daily lesson. Even though duolingo is pretty helpful, it doesn’t help people learn a language completely. You still need other sources to get better at the given language. People would perceive this as one of the best apps for learning languages before they released their “Ai first” statement. Duolingo was sent under fire by many people online for the statement. This was because Duolingo was about to replace all of their workers for Artificial intelligence instead. If Artificial intelligence were to take our jobs, we would be unemployed. It would be hard for us to earn money and make a living. Artificial intelligence would be taking over everything. Although I agree that it is a faster, more efficient way to create new courses, I do not support the “Ai-first” movement at all. Although duolingo is publishing more courses than before, its not as good as it used to be. They called their contractors “bottlenecks” and replaced them with artificial intelligence, it went something similar to- “gradually stop using contractors to do work that AI can handle”, “This isn’t about replacing Duos with Ai, it's about removing bottlenecks so we can do more with the outstanding Duos we already have”. Duolingo’s learning method is pretty bad too. People who learn languages from Duolingo aren’t very fluent in the language that they have learnt. Instead of apps like Duolingo, people have been turning over to different apps instead. Such as: Tofugu, Memrise, Babbel, Busuu, etc. Some people have been boycotting Duolingo because of the statement. “If languages were made by humans, why should they be taught to us by robots”.

आफ्नाे बारेमा

Sivancy Pandey

मेरो नाम शिवांशी पाण्डे हो । म पुरानो बानेश्वरमा बस्छु। म कक्षा १ मा पढ्छु। मलाई सुनौलो रङ मन पर्छ। मलाई पिज्जा खान मन पर्छ। मलाई पानी पर्दा घुम्न जान पनि मन पर्छ। म डियरवाक सिफल स्कुलमा पढ्छु। मेरो मिल्ने साथीको नाम अमाया हो।